ŚRODA WIELKOPOLSKA. Map of Środa County; lettered by H. Delius, 1836; lettered in b., st. bdb., map divided into 8 parts glued together with linen; sheet dimensions 348x436 mm; KARTE des SCHRODAER KREISES REGR BEZK POSEN 1836.
By a decision of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Grand Duchy of Posen was established. Thus, the title of Grand Duke of Posen went to the King of Prussia. And so his official title was enriched, alongside, for example, Count of Friesland - its western part was seized by Berlin in 1744.
The Poles of the Prussian partition, tired of the Napoleonic wars, received this solution with little kindness. Nor did they hold out excessive hopes for a government that would respect their national rights. Only in some places were they deluded that the Grand Duchy of Posen would gain a status similar to the Congress Kingdom. Czar Alexander I granted it a very large autonomy described in the constitution of the same in 1815. An old Greater Poland adage states: "when a Prussian speaks, he only speaks." The Prussian king, despite being a co-creator of the Vienna order, felt humiliated by the loss of the entire Novo-Prussian Province and most of South Prussia to the Congress Kingdom. He forced compensation in the form of Westphalia.
The Prussians were essentially setting up their administration from scratch on the remnants of the lands seized in 1794 and 1795. In 1819, two districts were created: Poznań and Bydgoszcz. The former had 17 districts, while the latter had 14. The division into districts partly coincided with the earlier one. Its essence was the abolition of starosties and the creation of just districts (Kreis) in their place. A thing terribly profitable for the Prussian king. He incorporated the starosta's estate into his domain, and distributed much to his tots. Undaunted, he still reached for church and monastery property. On occasion, Prussian notables also stole on their own. A protesting young official from the Piotrkow Trybunalski administration of the time, Josef Zerboni di Sposetti, was imprisoned in the Klodzko fortress and later in Spandau. The Prussian state was merely a supplement to the Prussian army. After the First and Second Partitions, war-economic cameras were established in the Prussian lands. The point of their existence was to match the managed territory to the needs of the Prussian units stationed there. This is how the cameramen at the universities of Jena and Viadrina were taught.
In 1802-1803, a large-format map of the province of South Prussia (dimension 1.8 meters by 1.6 meters) by Gilly and Langner was published in Berlin. It is an outline of the inventory of Polish lands taken after the Third Partition. To understand how these lands were exploited by the Prussians, it is worth looking at the explanations of the topographical signs. See the "mliwa" or "slaughter" tax (see item 132 from the XXV auction of Wu-el Antiquarian). After the Napoleonic wars, another inventory was made. Its fruit was an atlas published in Poznań in 1821 containing maps of the 17 counties of the Grand Duchy of Poznań by Freudenreich. Its findings remain in connection with the tax ordinances for the individual counties of the Poznan and Bydgoszcz regencies. The Prussian authorities published them in the provincial "Amtsblatt". They were very often at auctions of the Wu-el Antiquary. On the other hand, maps of counties were auctioned at auction XXV (item 118 et seq.). Freudenreich's maps, although very accurate, were nevertheless insufficient from the point of view of the Prussian administration. In the 1820s, work was undertaken to make them more detailed. The author of the revisions, Delius, took Freudenreich's maps as a starting point. On the geographic side, he changed little. Looking at them through the prism of the information they carried about each county, it can be said that they were a statistical and economic guide to each county. The number of county residents is given to the nearest person. Similarly, the number of residents of towns, villages and even individual houses. To his delight, the author of these words discovered that in the manor house planted in Pustkow Urban, a remnant bought by his ancestors back in the 18th century from the Oloboki nuns, lived from 1830. 13 people. Forests, on the other hand, are shown down to the smallest comma. A finished study of forestation in Greater Poland at the time. Where gunpowder mills were located is indicated. A new category was the stationing places of the Landwehr, created from scratch after the Napoleonic wars.
Examples of designations: towns(Stadt); villages(Dorf); churches, chapels(Kirche Capelle); offices(Amt); manors(Vorkwerk); Hollanders - settlements established under the Hollander law(Haulland); colonies(Colonie); single buildings(Einzelnes Haus); roadside houses - e.g. houses of toll collectors, a roadside post or stopping place(Chausseehaus); windmills(Windmühle); water mills(Wassermühle); stamp mills - for the production of e.g.. aggregate, gunpowder(Stampfmühle); sawmills(Schneidemühle, Sägemühle); linen-rolling mills, otherwise known as follies(Walkmühle); inns, taverns, taverns(Krug); Forestry districts(Oberförster); forestries(Unterförster); forester's lodges(Förster); forest guard - headquarters(Waldwärter); brickyards(Ziegelei); lime kilns(Kalkofen); roads(Weg); country roads(Landstrasse); highways(Chaussee); forests(Wald); bogs, marshes(Bruch); wet meadows, swamps(Nasse Wiese); dry meadows(Trockne Wiese); villages with church-parishes(Kirchdorf); rivers(Fluss); lakes(See); ponds(Teich); drainage ditches(Graben); county and district boundaries(Landes Grenze, Kreis Grenze); Post offices(Post Amt); post offices with fast horses - extraposts(Postwärterei mit Extr Post Pf); post offices without horses(Postwärterei ohne); forest districts(Woidbezirks); Hollows;sheepfolds (Schäferei); paper mills(Papiermühle); glassworks(Glashütte); tar kilns(Theerofen); ferry crossings(Fähre);Landwehr battalion posts(Landwehr Bataillons Ort); Landwehr company posts(LandwehrCompagnie Ort); customs clearance(Zoll, Zollamt); canals(Canal); villages outside the borders(Dorf ausser der Grenze); executioner's shops, hangman's quarters(Scharfrichterei); vineyards(Weinberg); small towns, market settlements(Flecken); forest district boundaries(Woidbezirks Grenze).
