Russian Icon Depicting the Descent into Hades with Feast Scenes, the Mother of God of the Sign and Saint Christopher - late 18th - early 19th century

Height x width: 54 x 54 cm
Tempera on panel
The icon on panel depicts at its centre the Descent into Hades (Anastasis), one of the most solemn and theologically significant subjects in the Orthodox tradition, corresponding to the Western concept of the Resurrection of Christ.
Christ, enveloped in a radiant mandorla, descends into the realm of Hades following the Crucifixion, trampling the shattered gates of the Underworld and delivering the forefathers Adam and Eve, accompanied by the patriarchs, the prophets, and the righteous of the Old Testament. The scene is set within an elaborate rocky landscape that rises vertically and incorporates numerous subsidiary episodes from the Paschal narrative.
The upper register depicts the New Testament Trinity, while the lateral panels contain a series of devotional images, including scenes illustrating the principal liturgical feasts and representations of particularly venerated saints.
The lower register features the Mother of God of the Sign (Znamenie) and Saint Christopher, while the right-hand side includes the Mother of God, Joy of All Who Sorrow, the Vision of the Mother of God of the Burning Bush (Neopalimaya Kupina), and an assembly of angels.
The ensemble forms a complex devotional composition conceived as a visual synthesis of the principal mysteries of the Orthodox faith.

The iconographic scheme belongs to the established tradition of the Anastasis, which developed in Byzantine art and became one of the most widespread subjects in Russian icon painting between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries.
The figures are characterized by elongated faces, flesh tones modelled through successive highlights, and draperies articulated with delicate gold assist lines, features that are entirely consistent with the production of workshops in Central Russia between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.



Item condition grading: **** good.
The painted surface is in overall fair condition, exhibiting widespread craquelure, wear to the paint layer, surface abrasions, and numerous losses to the ground layer, particularly concentrated in the lower section of the composition and along the right-hand edge. Minor areas of retouching, chromatic alterations, and localized lifting of the ground are also visible, all consistent with the age of the icon and its conservation history.
The wooden panel is structurally stable and retains its original pair of rear crossbars (šponki) in their entirety. The reverse displays the normal signs of age, including light oxidation of the suspension hardware, minor surface abrasions, and a modern inventory label.