Silesia, Duchy of Beuthen-Teschen, Euphemia or sons, Haller Beuthen - RARE

format_quoteThe eagle without a band on the reverse has so far been mistakenly interpreted as a coin of Cieszyn - Prince Przemysław "Noszak", to whom it belonged to the city of Bytom. My archival research allowed me to put forward a thesis that the coin was minted by the Duke of Oleśnica, Konrad II "the Gray" or Konrad III "the Old" in the years 1369 - 1412. Here is the proof of my thesis

Bolesław, Prince of Koźle-Bytom, set off for Rome in September 1354 for the coronation celebrations of Emperor Charles IV and Anna, Duchess of Świdnica-Jawor. The hardships of the journey, lasting from September to Easter of the following year, were apparently too great, because the prince, who was only about 30 years old, died suddenly in the Italian Venzona. Due to the lack of a male heir, the Piasts from the Opole line: Casimir of Cieszyn, Bolko of Opole, Bolko of Niemodlin, Albert of Strzelce and John I of Oświęcim, who claimed the right of inheritance by the sword, filed claims to the remaining Duchy of Koźle-Bytom. while Konrad I of Oleśnica filed a claim, citing his marriage to the sister of the deceased Bolesław. In the first days of October 1355, the above-mentioned Silesian princes asked Charles IV to decide on the inheritance of Prince. Bolesław. The 14-year-long dispute over the areas where the silver mines were located was ended only in 1369. Neither side wanted to give up the rights to them. When dividing the Koźle-Bytom lands, the Czech ruler favored the Cieszyn prince more, but he could not in any way justify allocating to him the lands with silver mines, which were located in the north-eastern part of Bytom and were adjacent to the lands of the Duchy of Koźle previously assigned to the Oleśnica princes. Thanks to the mediation of princes Jan I of Oświęcim and Ludwik Brzeski, Konrad II completed the complicated procedure of taking over the disputed part of Bytom, inherited by his father Konrad I after the childless death of Prince Bolesław of Koźle-Bytom. In January 1369, a team of 8 people (4 on each side) concluded an agreement and marked the boundary of the division of Bytom and the Bytom land between Przemysław of Cieszyn and Konrad II of Oleśnica. Konrad was represented by: Mikołaj from Kotulin (Kutelen), Bartosz Leschoten, Otton from Wołów (Walau), Świętosław from Stare Tarnowice (Tarnowicz), and Przemysław: Jarosław Sacherobski, Mikołaj Kyczki, Frawenstein and Raszka Strala. The dispute was finally resolved by Prince Ludwik of Brzeg on January 26, 1369, when a drawing was made as to which part of Bytom, divided in half, and the Bytom land would go to the parties to the conflict. The Duke of Oleśnica was luckier and drew the north-eastern part, while the Duke of Cieszyn - the south-west. The village of Szombierki, where the greatest silver and lead mining was carried out, fell to Konrad II of Oleśnica, and Przemysław to the areas adjacent to Orzegów. Recent archaeological research on Małgorzata Hill in Bytom-Szombierki has shown that there was an early medieval stronghold in this place where silver and lead ores were mined. On this basis, I put forward the thesis that the heller minted in Bytom, the obverse of which depicts a gwark drilling ore underground, should be assigned to the Duchy of Oleśnica during the reign of Konrad II and Konrad III. (1369 – 1413)format_quote